ECONOMIC DIFFRENCE INDONESIA AND JAPAN
Economy of indonesia
The current Indonesian economic growth meningkat.dengan optimistic growth and increasing national income we can see our progress on the development and other countries . with national income per year Indonesia is able to provide a very powerful macro kemajuan.ekonomi in economic growth when the economic growth hotel.One it can be viewed by domestic demand will still be the main pillar of economic performance . In addition , exports and imports , as well as investment .
In view of the few banks in the field of the macro economy we can feel that economic growth meningkat.Bank Indonesia ( BI ) estimates of economic growth during the first quarter of 2011 will grow tall , which is in the range of 6.4 percent . Thus, this year , Indonesia's economy is projected to grow in the range of 6-6.5 per cent .
Governor of Bank Indonesia Nasution revealed it during a meeting with Commission XI ( in charge of finance and banking ) Parliament on Monday ( 14/2 ) . " The outlook for the economy will continue to improve and are expected to be higher , " Nasution said .He said that domestic demand will still be the main pillar of economic performance . In addition , exports and imports , as well as investment , will also grow rapidly . He added that Indonesia has been through challenges in 2010. Economic growth is quite good in the last year , which is 6.1 per cent , will facilitate achieving growth targets in 2011. Nevertheless , high inflation will still be a serious challenge this year ., Adding that the current account in the first quarter of 2011 also still be a surplus , despite a downward trend . Capital and financial transactions will also be a surplus , with the flow of foreign direct investment ( FDI ) is increasingly heavy . Indonesia 's balance of payments this year will be supported by strong foreign exchange reserves . In January 2011 , Indonesia's foreign exchange reserves reached $ 95.3 billion , or enough for 6.3 months of imports and government foreign debt payments .The bad side is to watch for signs of capital outflow or capital outflows that began to be felt . However , Nasution optimistic that it is only temporary . " Capital outflow is temporary , because the economic fundamentals are quite strong , " said Darmin.BI still would intervene against the rupiah
In general , he said , the stability of the financial system is still quite awake , with banking intermediation function properly maintained . As of December 2010 , bank credit grew 22.8 percent . " Growth occurred in all segments including micro, small and medium enterprises ( MSME ) sector lending to micro, small and medium enterprises (SMEs ) PT Bank Permata this year will be more optimized . Manargetkan bank's credit growth at 30 % .Sales & Service Manager of PT Bank Permata Area Jabar , Sidhartha Otto told reporters on the sidelines of the Economic Outlook 2011 at the Hilton Hotel , Jln . H.O.S. Tjokroaminoto Bandung , Thursday ( 10/2 ) night said the SME sector into attention in the development of the bank's business . The composition of the SME sector lending reached 60 % and 40 % for consumer credit .In relation to that , he claimed , it continues to boost lending to the SME sector so that growth can reach 20-30 % from last year . While the SME lending in 2010 reached more than Rp 2 trillion .In addition to increase lending to the SME sector , this year also the bank's London plans to better optimize the service . It was realized by the plan to increase the number of units of a branch office in Bandung ." In 2011 we plan to open two new branches in Bandung , namely on Jl . Soekarno - Hatta and in Antapani , " he said .The plan of this new branch office will soon be opened in the near future so that it can improve service to its customers .
Jakarta ( ANTARA News ) - Standard Chartered Bank economist Ichsan said despite the slowing , economic growth in Indonesia in 2012 is still quite high and is expected to reach 6.0 percent ." The global economic slowdown will affect Indonesia's growth , although slowing , Indonesia's economy is estimated to be up 6.0 per cent , " said the governor in the event of Economic Briefing 2012 in Jakarta , on Thursday.He explained that Indonesia's economic growth is still supported by consumption , investment and exports . However , due to the global economic slowdown , the penetration of Indonesian exports also slowed down so that consumption and investment sectors into backrest for national growth .In addition , in 2012, it is assumed that the rate of inflation stood at 5.0 percent , the exchange rate of Rp8.400 per U.S. dollar , and the Bank Indonesia interest rate of 6.0 percent .
In the 2012 budget the government expects that economic growth would reach 6.7 percent , an inflation rate of 5.30 percent , Rp8.800 rupiah per U.S. dollar , oil prices 90 dollars per barrel and the " lifting " 950,000 barrels of oil per day .He added , to maintain sustainable growth and strengthen the economy in order not to be affected by the global crisis the government should continue to boost the development of individual infrastructure projects ." Infrastructure development may prevent a slowdown in economic growth as the impact of the global crisis , " he said .According to him , the construction of infrastructure projects could even accelerate growth in Indonesia exceeded the government's target is assumed in the state budget ." If you want to rapidly increase growth even reached 8.0 percent , the government should encourage the growth of infrastructure , " he said .National Bureau of Statistics noted that the third quarter of 2011 Indonesia's economic growth reached 6.5 percent and will continue to show a positive trend until the end of the year .( ANT -135/A023 )
Global ChallengesBefore him , in 2011 , the issue of the debt crisis and acute budget deficit in Greece makes economic shocks , especially in the global financial markets , including in Indonesia . Various attempts were made by the countries belonging to the European Union ( EU ) , and in particular the 15 countries using the euro currency , it did not work to restore investor confidence , pessimism even stronger that the EU crisis will take a long extensible .EU facing severe fiscal problems with the budget deficit recorded an average of 6.4 percent of gross domestic product ( GDP ) and debt-to- GDP ratio of 80 percent . Not only snared by the EU fiscal crisis , budget problems in the United States ( U.S. ) is also very acute . With a budget deficit of 1.3 trillion dollars, or about 8.6 percent of GDP in 2011 and estimates the amount of government debt is 15.6 trillion dollars, or about 90 percent of GDP . Fiscal crisis made the U.S. lose their highest ranking for 70 years AAA to AA + on August 3, 2011 last .In recent developments the U.S. economy began to show improvement , especially with the improvement in consumer confidence and a drop in unemployment rate to 8.5 percent in December 2011 . Expectancy also emerged from the EU in line with the spirit to undertake fiscal consolidation accompanied by the injection of liquidity in the form of loans from the European Central Bank ( ECB ) to banks in the EU with only 1 percent interest and a tenor of 3 years .ECB reportedly still will increase the loan amount up to 1 trillion euros . Additional liquidity in sufficient quantities , this massive flow of funds through the EU gives the opportunity to the emerging markets of Asia , including Indonesia . Moreover, at the same time , the Indonesian economy has the strength of the domestic market coupled with increased purchasing power .domestic challengesIndonesian demographic structure into the carrying capacity of the domestic market terrsebut . The population of the middle class category - according to the World Bank is the population with spending between 2 and 20 dollars per day - increased by 50 million between 2003-2010 .In addition to demographic support , Indonesia is a solid macro performance gained . When the world economic growth declined to a negative ( recession ) , with China and India - Indonesia's economy to grow positively . More solid economic growth in 2010 to reach 5.9 per cent yoy and 6.5 per cent yoy in 2011 . At the same time , the inflation rate down , penetrate foreign exchange reserves continue to grow over 100 billion U.S. dollars .In addition, the Indonesian economy is also supported by a relatively stable financial system . Financial stability index recorded lower . The results of the calculation of the index BI noted stabilization of 1.68 in October 2011 , down from 2.43 in the 2008 crisis . On the financial markets , Indonesia has the potential to be excellent investments in 2012 , especially Fitch on December 15, 2011 and set Indonesia in the category of investment grade .Indonesia's economic challenges in 2012 actually comes from the real sector in the country . Strong domestic market can be temporarily relocating the domestic market . Surely the Indonesian domestic market also the target market is mainly imported from Asian countries due to their trading partners in the EU weakened . Access to banking is not quite easy with an expensive mortgage interest , higher logistics costs due to limited connectivity and of course inadequate infrastructure and acute problems of corruption .At the same time the government started April 1 will raise the electricity tariff ( TDL ) by an average of 10 percent and the black plate car would prohibit using premium subsidies . According to the government , these two components is expected to increase inflation by 0.8 percent . However, we estimate the total impact of inflation up to an additional 2 percent . Inflation expectations will make the expected rise in interest rates . These factors make domestic products less competitive compared to imported products , especially for consumer goods .Will Indonesian products can compete in their own market amid the onslaught of the possibility of imported products cheaper amid obstacles exist ? The key is the credibility of the government . The government's plan to build a variety of infrastructure projects to be realized and the government needs to make a breakthrough in the short-term policy .
It is time the government also aggressive fiscal side , ensuring maximum absorption budget so that the role of government to encourage growth can compensate for a possible slowdown of the economic boost export earnings . The point is how to make the domestic market became Indonesia's economic strength amid various global risks .
industries free market economy and Japan is the third largest in the world
after the United States and China in terms of purchasing power parity international
Its economy is highly efficient and competitive in areas linked to international trade
but lower productivity in the field agriklutur, distribution, and service
but lower productivity in the field agriklutur, distribution, and service
After reaching the world's highest economic growth from the 1960s to the 1980s, Japan's economy shrank dramatically in the early 1990s, when the "bubble economy" crashed. Supplies of industrial leadership and technicians, workers are highly educated and work hard, great savings and the investments and intensive promotion of industrial development and international trade has produced a mature industrial economy.
Despite Japan's long-term economic outlook is still good, but now she is in the worst recession since World War II. Stock and property prices are still down, marking the end of "foam economy" 1980s. Japan's real GDP grew at an average of about 1% between 1991-98, compared to 1980 about 4%. Growth in Japan in recent decades is lower than growth in other developed countries. Japan entered recession in the early millenia, initiated by the recession in the United States, but since 2003 has started to grow back stronger and in 2004 enjoyed the highest growth since 1990.
Service sector
Some three-quarters of Japan's total economic output comes from the service sector. The main industry in the Japanese service sector such as banks, insurance, real estate, retail, transportation, and telecommunications. Mitsubishi UFJ, Mizuho, NTT, TEPCO, Nomura, Mitsubishi Estate, Tokio Marine, Japan Railway, Seven & I, and Japan Airlines are the names of Japanese companies including the world's largest companies. The Japanese government policy in the future Prime Minister Junichiro Koizumi's privatization of Japan Post. Consists of six major keiretsu Mitsubishi group, Sumitomo, Fuyo, Mitsui, Dai-Ichi Kangyo, and Sanwa. Some 326 Japanese companies located in the Forbes Global 2000 or 16.3% of the total companies in the Forbes Global 2000 list in 2006.
Japan's main export industries are automotive, consumer electronics (see Japanese consumer electronics industry), computers, semiconductors, iron, and steel. Other important industries in the Japanese economy is a petrochemical, pharmaceutical, bioindustry, shipbuilding, aerospace, textiles, and processed foods. Japanese manufacturing industries heavily dependent on imported raw materials and fuel.
Industrial estates spread over a number of prefectures. In the Kanto region, located in the industrial area of Chiba, Kanagawa, Saitama, and Tokyo (Keihin industrial area). In the Tokai region, Chukyo-Tokai industrial region located in Aichi, Gifu, Mie, and Shizuoka. In the Kansai region, the Hanshin industrial area located in Osaka, Kyoto, and Kobe. Setouchi industrial region covers southwestern island of Honshu and Shikoku around the northern part of the Seto Inland Sea, while in Kyushu, the industrial park is located in the northern part of Kyushu (Kitakyushu)
Industrial estates spread over a number of prefectures. In the Kanto region, located in the industrial area of Chiba, Kanagawa, Saitama, and Tokyo (Keihin industrial area). In the Tokai region, Chukyo-Tokai industrial region located in Aichi, Gifu, Mie, and Shizuoka. In the Kansai region, the Hanshin industrial area located in Osaka, Kyoto, and Kobe. Setouchi industrial region covers southwestern island of Honshu and Shikoku around the northern part of the Seto Inland Sea, while in Kyushu, the industrial park is located in the northern part of Kyushu (Kitakyushu)
Although only 12 % of the land area in Japan that could be used for agriculture , but the results including satisfactory . The amount of agricultural output is supported by the fertility of agricultural land due to soil containing volcanic ash . In addition , the cultivation of agricultural land intensively supported with advanced technology . The agricultural sector is a sector that is protected and receives government subsidies in large numbers .
Japanese agricultural products such as rice , potatoes , corn , wheat , peanuts , soy , and teas . Results of a pig farm , chicken , eggs , and dairy cows . Vegetables such as radish , cabbage , cucumbers , tomatoes , carrots , spinach , and lettuce . While the fruit is widely grown apples and oranges . Apples are an excellent product Tohoku and Hokkaido . Pears are an excellent agricultural products Tottori Prefecture . Citrus groves are in Shikoku , Shizuoka , and Kyushu . Pear and citrus plants brought into Japan by Dutch traders in Nagasaki at the end of the 18th century .
Rice is a crop that is highly protected Japanese government . Rice imports subject to import duties and quota restrictions 490 % of 7.2 % of the average consumption of rice in 1968 to 1988 . Imports outside the quota is not prohibited , but subject to import duties \ 341 per kilogram . Rice import tariffs are now ( 490 % ) is expected to increase to 778 % according to the new formula will be applied in accordance Doha Round . [ 1 ]
Although Japan is usually able to perform self-sufficiency in rice ( except rice to make Senbei and processed foods ) , Japan must import 50 % of cereal consumption requirements [ 2 ] and relies on imports of meat . Japan imported wheat , sorghum , and soybeans in large numbers , especially from the United States . Japan is the largest market for EU agricultural exports
Japanese agricultural products such as rice , potatoes , corn , wheat , peanuts , soy , and teas . Results of a pig farm , chicken , eggs , and dairy cows . Vegetables such as radish , cabbage , cucumbers , tomatoes , carrots , spinach , and lettuce . While the fruit is widely grown apples and oranges . Apples are an excellent product Tohoku and Hokkaido . Pears are an excellent agricultural products Tottori Prefecture . Citrus groves are in Shikoku , Shizuoka , and Kyushu . Pear and citrus plants brought into Japan by Dutch traders in Nagasaki at the end of the 18th century .
Rice is a crop that is highly protected Japanese government . Rice imports subject to import duties and quota restrictions 490 % of 7.2 % of the average consumption of rice in 1968 to 1988 . Imports outside the quota is not prohibited , but subject to import duties \ 341 per kilogram . Rice import tariffs are now ( 490 % ) is expected to increase to 778 % according to the new formula will be applied in accordance Doha Round . [ 1 ]
Although Japan is usually able to perform self-sufficiency in rice ( except rice to make Senbei and processed foods ) , Japan must import 50 % of cereal consumption requirements [ 2 ] and relies on imports of meat . Japan imported wheat , sorghum , and soybeans in large numbers , especially from the United States . Japan is the largest market for EU agricultural exports
Japan
ranks 2nd in the world behind the People's Republic of China in tonnage
fishing ( in 1989 : 11.9 million tonnes ) , a slight increase from 11.1
million tons in 1980 . After the oil crisis of 1973, deep-sea fisheries
in Japan declined . In 1980 , the total catch of fish per year on average 2 million tons . Offshore fishing reaches 50 % of the total fishing in the late 1980s , although some times has increased and decreased .
Coastal fisheries carried out in small boats , nets , or breeding techniques accounting for about one third of the total production of Japan's fishing industry . Meanwhile , offshore fishing with medium sized vessels accounting for more than half of the total production . Among marine products taken eg sardines , tuna , crab , shrimp , salmon , squid , scallops , tuna , saury , yellowtail , and mackerel .
Japan is one country that has the largest fishing fleet in the world . However , Japan is a net importer of seafood in the world ( worth U.S. $ 14 billion ) [ 3 ] Since 1996 , Japan was ranked 6th in total fish catch in the bottom of the PRC , Peru , United States , Indonesia , and Chile . [ 4 ] [ 5 ] Japan also cast a controversy by supporting whaling
Coastal fisheries carried out in small boats , nets , or breeding techniques accounting for about one third of the total production of Japan's fishing industry . Meanwhile , offshore fishing with medium sized vessels accounting for more than half of the total production . Among marine products taken eg sardines , tuna , crab , shrimp , salmon , squid , scallops , tuna , saury , yellowtail , and mackerel .
Japan is one country that has the largest fishing fleet in the world . However , Japan is a net importer of seafood in the world ( worth U.S. $ 14 billion ) [ 3 ] Since 1996 , Japan was ranked 6th in total fish catch in the bottom of the PRC , Peru , United States , Indonesia , and Chile . [ 4 ] [ 5 ] Japan also cast a controversy by supporting whaling
source
:http://studyandlearningnow.blogspot.com/2013/01/sejarah-perdagangan-di-indonesia.html
http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekonomi_Jepang
- ^ "http://www.bilaterals.org/article.php3?id_article=2378"
- ^ "http://www.skillclear.co.uk/japan/default.asp"
- ^ "The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture 2006". FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Department FAO. 2007. ISBN 978-92-5-105568-7. Diakses 2009-03-02.
- ^ "Yearbooks of Fishery Statistics: World fisheries production, by capture and aquaculture, by country (2006)". Fisheries and Aquaculture Department FAO. January 2006. Diakses 2009-03-08.
- ^ The World Almanac and book of facts 2008. World Almanac Books. 2008. hlm. 94. ISBN 1-60057-072-0.
- ^ http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/4118990.stm Japanese whaling 'science' rapped
